History of the Spanish DNI - Evolution of Spain's National ID
The National Identity Document (DNI) has been a fundamental part of citizen identification in Spain since its creation in 1944. Throughout its history, it has evolved from a simple cardboard document to the current electronic document.
Related tools:
- DNI Validator - Check if a DNI is valid
- DNI Letter Calculator - Calculate the control letter
DNI Timeline in Spain
1944
Creation of the DNI through Decree of March 2. It was established as a mandatory document for all Spaniards over 16 years of age.
1951
The first DNI was issued in Madrid. It was a cardboard document with a black and white photo and fingerprints.
1962
The current numbering system with 8 digits and verification letter was introduced.
1981
Modernization of the format with the introduction of the laminated DNI and improvements in security measures.
1990
Implementation of the computer system for issuing the DNI and improvement in the manufacturing process.
2006
Launch of the electronic DNI (DNIe), incorporating a chip with digital certificates for electronic signature.
2015
New version of the DNI 3.0 with NFC technology and enhanced security measures.
Present
The DNI continues to evolve with new security measures and digital functionalities.
Relevant historical data
- More than 40 million DNIs issued
- Evolution from paper document to smart card
- Progressive incorporation of security measures
- Adaptation to the digital era with electronic signature
Evolution of security features
- 1951-1980: Cardboard document with photo and fingerprint
- 1981-2005: Laminated document with holograms
- 2006-2014: Electronic DNI with chip
- 2015-present: DNI 3.0 with NFC and new measures
The letter algorithm
The verification system using a letter, introduced in 1962, was a significant advance in preventing forgeries. Learn how the algorithm works.
Frequently asked questions about the history of the DNI
What was the first DNI issued?
The first DNI was issued in Madrid in 1951, with the number 00000001.
Why was the letter introduced?
The letter was introduced in 1962 as a security measure to detect transcription errors and make forgeries more difficult.
What advantages does the electronic DNI offer?
The DNIe allows secure online procedures, digital document signing, and authentication in electronic services.